Two days ago, the whole nation commemorated the first anniversary of the Typhoon Yolanda. On that day, the group that did the Climate Walk from Manila reached Tacloban. A month from now I will be starting my Solo 1,800 km Climate Bike Ride for Victims of Yolanda, Pablo and Sendong (from Manila to Iligan via Tacloban, Davao and Cagayan de Oro).
This month, Redemptorists are gathering in 3 places (Cebu, Bacolod and Davao) for the so-called pre-Chapter assemblies where we will be discussing (among others) the direction which our life and mission will take for the next four years. I was asked to prepare a working paper on Climate Change vis-a-vis our Mission:
Climate Change: A Challenge to our Mission
A Working Paper
Fr. Amado L.
Picardal, CSsR
Introduction
For the last three years, the Philippines has been hit by three devastating
super-typhoons: Typhoon Sendong in December 2011 which hit Cagayan de Oro and
Iligan – including our former mission area in Hinaplanon, Iligan City.
The flood reached our church in Tibanga, which made it impossible to hold the
Misa de Gallo that day.
Typhoon Pablo hit Davao Oriental in 2012, several hundred kilometers from our parish in Davao City.
This was the first time that a typhoon has ever hit this area. In 2013 Typhoon Yolanda hit Samar, Leyte and parts of Cebu and Panay. Our parish in Tacloban was badly hit, and so many
died and thousands of families became homeless. Our Church became a temporary
evacuation center for three weeks.
Will there be more super-typhoons coming? Undoubtedly, yes.
It is the new normal. And besides super-typhoons, there also other disasters
predicted. More flooding even from ordinary rain More long dry spell or
drought. With the polar icecaps melting at an unprecedented rapid rate and the
ocean rising gradually, a time will come when coastal towns and cities will experience
more flooding and God forbid – will be submerged, hopefully not in our lifetime.
All of these are manifestations of globa warming and climate change. And it
will get worse in the years to come. According to PAG-ASA by 2020, there will
be a rise in temperature of .09 to 1.1 degree Celsius and 1.8 to 2.2 C in 2050.
The Reality of Climate Change
Almost 25 years
ago, John Paul II warned about climate change in his World Day of Peace Message
(1990):
The gradual depletion of the ozone layer and the related
‘greenhouse effect’ has now reached crisis proportions as a consequence of
industrial growth, massive urban concentrations and vastly increased energy
needs. Industrial waste, the burning of fossil fuels, unrestricted
deforestation, the use of certain types of herbicides, coolants and
propellants: all of these are known to harm the atmosphere and environment. The
resulting meteorological and atmospheric changes range from damage to health to
the possible future submersion of low-lying lands.
Climate change is the effect of the destruction of the
environment by humans.
The burning of fossil fuel – from factories, coal-fired
power plants, cars, forest fires, etc. has released unprecedented volume of
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere creating a green-house effect on our planet.
The forest –which is supposed to be the
lungs of the earth that will absorb carbon dioxide and turn it into oxygen- is
fast disappearing.With deforestation, there will be less trees to absorb rain
fall, and thus, more floods.
Global warming is melting the polar ice-caps, raising the
temperature of the oceans, changing
weather patterns, causing more water to precipitate into the atmosphere
and creating more super-typhoons.
Thus, we can expect to experience the extremes of El Nino –
long dry spell, and La Nina – long wet periods and super-typhoons.
The climate has become crazy and unpredictable. There is no
more debate about the reality of climate change. And it is going to get worse. Many
scientists would say that it is no longer a matter of preventing climate change
but of mitigating its effects and preparing for the disasters that it brings.
The more ambitious task is acting together to reverse climate change – which
seems to be an impossible dream but which needs to be done.
The Vatican Academy
of Science in 2011 came up with a report outlining the duty of the Church and
all nations vis-à-vis climate change:
Failure to mitigate climate change will violate our duty to the vulnerable of the Earth, including
those dependent on the water supply of mountain glaciers, and those facing
rising sea level and stronger storm surges. Our duty includes the duty to help vulnerable communities adapt to
changes that cannot be mitigated. All nations must ensure that their actions
are strong enough and prompt enough to address the increasing impacts and
growing risk of climate change and to avoid catastrophic irreversible
consequences.
The following are three
measures to reduce the threat of climate change and its impacts:
1.“Reduce worldwide carbon dioxide emissions without delay, using all
means possible to meet ambitious international global warming targets and
ensure the long-term stability of the climate system. All nations must
focus on a rapid transition to renewable energy sources and other strategies to
reduce CO2 emissions. Nations should also avoid removal of carbon sinks
by stopping deforestation, and should strengthen carbon sinks by reforestation
of degraded lands. They also need to develop and deploy technologies that
draw down excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These actions must be
accomplished within a few decades.
2.“Reduce the
concentrations of warming air pollutants (dark soot, methane, lower
atmosphere ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons) by as much as 50%, to slow down
climate change during this century while preventing millions of premature
deaths from respiratory disease and millions of tons of crop damages every
year.
3.“Prepare to adapt
to the climatic changes, both chronic and abrupt, that society will be
unable to mitigate. In particular, we call for a global capacity building
initiative to assess the natural and social impacts of climate change in
mountain systems and related watersheds.”
The Challence of
Climate Change for our Mission
What is our response as Redemptorists to climate change? How
do we carry out our mission in view of
climate change and the disaster that it brings?
Besides coming up with protocols on how we should respond in
case of disaster (emergency response) we also have to broaden our perspective
in terms of disaster risk reduction, preparedness, management, relief and
rehabilitation.
We already have accumulated experiences in disaster response
and mission in our own parish in Tacloban and other parishes hit by Typhoon
Yolanda. This provides a model of how to respond immediately to disaster in a
coordinated manner and how to carry out our mission in areas hit by disaster. Karl Gaspar’s paper has distilled some of the
learnings and the protocols that we as a province can adopt in the future,
especially in terms of disaster response, rehabilitation and rebuilding.
However, there is more that we need to do. Our mission is
not just for communities already affected or will be affected by disaster. It
is also for those who may be vulnerable to disaster. The question we need to
answer is: how do we prepare ourselves and the communities that we minister for
the disaster that arise due to climate change.
How can we make people aware of climate change and the
disasters that it cause? How do we help develop parishes and BECs into
disaster-resilient communities? What are the protocols that must be put in
place which can be adopted by us and the people in our parishes and mission
areas in case of disaster? What kind of mentality and lifestyle do we promote
that can help arrest or revert global warming?
We should avoid the mentality that we are the messiah – that
our primary role is to save or rescue helpless victims. We are not humanitarian
aid workers but religious with a mission.
We should operate on the principle of community
participation in disaster risk reduction and management. We should avoid
fostering a dependent-victim mentality.
In our preaching, evangelization & catechetical
programs, and formation of BECs, we need to integrate the message of climate
change, the responsibility of human beings as stewards of creation to care for
the earth and protocols for disaster preparedness and management.
In order to do this, there is therefore a need to come up
with resources -
modules and training
manuals. These are the possible content:
- Our
earth – global warming and climate change – causes and dangerous
consequence. Disasters are not acts of God (due to God’s will) but due to
human carelessness, sinfulness - selfishness and greed.
- Human
beings as stewards of God’s creation – the responsibility to care for the
earth. The practical implications of this in terms of lifestyle, plan of
action to protect further environmental destruction and contribute to the
reduction of carbon/GHG emissions, etc.
- Protocols
for parish/community-based DRRM (Disaster Risk Reduction and Management).
Possible topics for community-based DRRM protocols/systems:
- Disaster
risk-vulnerability assessment (discerning the kind of disaster the
community is vulnerable to).
- Risk
reduction and mitigation (what the community can do ASAP to reduce the
risk or mitigate damage even before the disaster)
- Standard
Operational Procedure in case of impending and actual disaster (warning,
safety measures, evacuation, rescue, etc.)
- Initial
Damage/Casualty/Needs assessment
- First
Aid/Emergency Relief operations (how the community can help in orderly and
efficient ways of doing this)
- Rehabilitation/Rebuilding
(participatory/ holistic approach that includes material, psycho-spiritual
dimensions)
The role of our apostolic units/mission teams is to
facilitate this process and to help train the parish and BECs into becoming
disaster-resilient communities.
In carrying this out, there is a need to coordinate with
social action centers/commissions (national, diocesan, parish levels), NGO and
LGU’s, government agencies (especially NDRRM and local counterparts).
In case of disaster, we do not have the expertise of
humanitarian aid groups and first responders. Our role as Redemptorists is very limited once disaster strikes.
Our significant contribution should be in disaster preparedness and in the rehabilitation/rebuilding
phase. The victims and survivors do not
only need material relief. They also need psycho-spiritual processing and
community-rebuilding. This is where we can respond more effectively.
As Redemptorists we too should answer these questions: what
can our own communities and apostolic units contribute to stop global warming? How
can we help reduce the GHG/CO2 emissions? How will this affect the way we build
or renovate our houses, monasteries and Churches?
How will this affect our use of vehicles and
the type of vehicles we acquire?
We, too, are vulnerable to the disasters that may be caused
by climate change. We also need to go through the process of disaster risk
assessment and reduction and adopt our own protocols for disaster management .
To sum up, these are the urgent tasks in our mission:
- To
make people aware of climate
change, its causes and effects and the human responsibility as stewards of
God’s creation to care for the earth.
- To
help mitigate the effects of climate change an promote disaster risk
reduction, preparedness and management. This means helping build
disaster-resilient communities (parishes, BECs).
- To
foster a green lifestyle and search for ways that can contribute to
reduction of green house gas.
We have to come up with mission modules and manuals on
climate change and disaster risk reduction and management that can be used in
our mission and parish apostolate.